Mother Teresas Style of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mother Teresas Style of Leadership - Essay Example As indicated by the studyâ by the time Mother Teresa began her preacher work, she had minimal expenditure in her grasp, however she demonstrated to the whole world that an individual can accomplish anything and thrive inâ this world without cash. Mother Teresa instructed people that being well off doesn't really mean the world. She demonstrated to such it is conceivable to succeed without cash. Mother Teresa made a world brimming with affection where the hindered are thought about and showered with unqualified love. Mother Teresa was so mindful to the degree that she used to ask others to give her food so she can give the vagrant youngsters kicking the bucket of appetite with something to eat. A portion of these people had no leniency on her and spit on her hand when asking however she would react smoothly that she would keep saving the spit for herself and keep imploring them to give food to poor people and stranded kids. Likewise, toward the end, they understood her delicate char acter and gave something for the poor at whatever point she requested. This gives her charitableness, which is extraordinary compared to other administration characteristics she possessed.From this paper it is clear that Mother Teresa showed an incredible mental quality by building homes for the dejected through gathering pledges and looking for help. Besides, Mother Teresa was an educator and a guardian who significantly centered around how to mitigate experiencing poor people and the impeded in the general public  Â

Isolation of Sarracenin from Root Barks of Strychnos Spinosa

Disconnection of Sarracenin from Root Barks of Strychnos Spinosa On disconnection of Sarracenin from Root barks of Strychnos spinosa and its Antimicrobial Properties. A known iridoid, Sarracenin, was disconnected from the root bark of Strychnos spinosa. Its structure was explained by 1D and 2D-NMR examinations, and correlation with revealed information. This is the first occasion when it has been secluded from this species. The compound demonstrated huge antimicrobial exercises against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans Candida tropicalis, Candida thrusei, and Candida stellatoidea, individually. The family Strychnos (Loganiaceae), comprise of around 75 acknowledged species found all through the tropics and subtropical Africa [1]. Strychnos spinosa is regularly known as Kaffir orange, Spiny monkey orange or Natal orange. It is used differently in African conventional medication for illnesses, for example, dropsy, ear infection, snakebite, fever, elephantiasis, fever epilepsy and stiffness [2]. The disengagement and auxiliary clarification of the iridoid sarracenin from the root bark of this plant and its antimicrobial movement against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans Candida tropicalis, Candida thrusei, and Candida stellatoidea, separately, is thus revealed. Results and Discussion. The compound was gotten as fine, straightforward, needle molded gems. It was resolved as Sarracenin utilizing 1D and 2D-NMR investigations, and correlation with detailed information [3, 4, 5]. A few amendments to detailed compound move assignments [3, 4] dependent on our DEPTq135, H, H-Cozy, HMBC, HSQC and NOESY information are recommended. Table 1.1HNMR Data of Sarracenin in CDCl3 (ÃŽ' in ppm, J in Hz) in light of fig. 1A DEPT spectra: DEPTq 135 range gave the proton substance shifts 166.77 (quaternary or methylene), 150.08 (methine or methyl), 112.32 (quaternary or methylene), 91.68 (methine or methyl), 88.13 (methine or methyl), 68.99 (methine or methyl), 51.42 (methine or methyl), 35.06 (quaternary or methylene), 32.26 (methine or methyl), 22.06 (methine or methyl), 18.70 (methine or methyl). The end by Miles et al, [3] that signals at 35.1 and 22.1 are expected to methine (C-5) and methylene (C-6), separately, doesn't concur with our outcomes; else, we concur with their 13 C ends. Correspondingly, Wang et al, [4] report of substance shifts at 91.7 as quaternary, 112.3 as methine, 18.7 as quaternary and 166.8 as methyl (Table 2.) is at fluctuation with their defenses on HMQC and HMBC information. Also, Wang et al, [4] reports 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ' 5.78 (d, J = 1.6 Hz), 1.34 (d, J = 6.5Hz, 3 H) as signs for protons at C-1 and C-10, individually; no protons are situated at those positions (Figure 1A). It would appear to be an alternate numbering plan was utilized, be that as it may, two distinct numberings were thought of (Figures 1A 1B) neither concurred totally with Wang et al, [4]. Those assignments would seem to have twisted ends on 1H, 1H-Cozy, HMBC and HMQC information (Tables 1 2). 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ' 7.46 (s, 1H), 5.79 (t, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (dd, J = 3.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (ddt, J = 10.7, 4.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 2.44 †2.31 (m, 1H), 1.68 (dddd, J = 10.0, 5.3, 2.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 3H). Table 2.13C-NMR Data of Sarracenin in CDCl3 (ÃŽ' in ppm) in view of fig. 1A Key * = Major territories with watched variety. It was noticed that the compound contained 11 signs using13C-NMR and DEPT spectra, including two Me, one CH2, six CH, and two quaternary carbons. Examination of by and large NMR spectroscopic information uncovered the signs at 1 2 E Figure 1A. Numbering of Sarracenin as by Miles et al, [3] and present work, B: Numbering as on www.chemspider.com[6] C: Important HMBC connections, D: Important NOESY relationships, E: Important 1H-1HCOSY connections. 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, TMS)ÃŽ'7.46 (s, 1 H), 5.79 (t, J = 1.9, 1 H), 4.99 (dd, J = 3.5, 0.8, 1 H), 4.22 (q, J = 6.5, 1 H), 3.76 (s, 3 H), 2.98 (ddt, J = 10.7, 4.0, 1.9, 1 H), 2.37, 1.68 (m, dddd, J = 10.0, 5.3, 2.9, 1.0, 2 H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.5, 3 H); 13CNMR and DEPT (100 MHz, CDCl3, TMS) 166.77 (ester C=O), 150.08 (olefinicCH), 112.32 (olefinic quaternary carbon), 91.68 (CH), 88.13 (CH), 68.99 (CH), 51.42 (ester OCH3), 35.06 (methylene), 32.26 (CH), 22.06 (allylic CH), 18.70 (CH3) Antimicrobial action The antimicrobial exercises of sarracenin were tested against some pathogenic organisms acquired from the Department of Medical Microbiology A.B.U. Showing Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. The compound demonstrated huge antibacterial and antifungal exercises against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Candida tropicalis and Candida stellatoidea (Table 3.). This focuses sarracenin out as a significant restorative standard of Strychnos spinosa and loans support to its utilization in conventional medication. Exploratory Assortment of Plant Material The root bark of Strychnos spinosa was gathered from Katsina-Ala, Benue State, Nigeria, in August, 2013. The bark was air-dried and their size decreased with the guide of a wooden mortar and pestle. Extraction and Isolation The ground material (750 g) was macerated for 72 hours utilizing 500 mL every one of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetic acid derivation and methanol. Fundamental antimicrobial screening uncovered the ethyl acetic acid derivation concentrate to be generally dynamic against test organisms. In this way the ethyl acetic acid derivation remove (10 g) was isolated by Vacuum fluid chromatography. A delicate slope elution was utilized from hexane through to ethyl acetic acid derivation. Thirty parts (25 ml each) were gathered and permitted to dissipate to around a large portion of their underlying volumes. Fine needles were seen in portions 20-25. These were checked by TLC on ethyl acetic acid derivation methanol (1:1) dissolvable framework and plates imagined utilizing iodine fume. The consolidated needles (221 mg) were additionally cleansed utilizing SephadexLH20 with methanol-ethyl acetic acid derivation proportion (1:1) as dissolvable. 1HNMR, 13CNMR and 2DNMR analyses were done on the filt ered compound utilizing 30 mg. Its dissolving point was 123 †1240C decided utilizing Electro warm IA 9300 (Gallenkhamp narrow liquefying point mechanical assembly with a thermometer). Antimicrobial Assay The compound (0.01 mg) was gauged and broken up in DMSO (10 mL) to get a centralization of 10  µg/mL (This would along these lines be utilized to decide the antimicrobial exercises of the plant). Mueller Hinton and Sabouraud dextrose agar were utilized as development media for the microorganisms. All the media were set up as indicated by the manufacturer’s directions, sanitized at 121 oC for 15 min and were filled sterile petri dishes, permitted to cool and cement. Plate dissemination technique was utilized to screen the underlying rough concentrates. Cleaned media were seeded with a standard inoculum (0.1 ml) of test organism, Mueller Hinton for the microorganisms and SDA for the growths. The inoculum was spread uniformly over the outside of the media utilizing a sterile swab. A well (6 mm) was cut at the focal point of the immunized medium utilizing a standard plug borer (6 mm distance across). Arrangement of the concentrate (0.1 mL) was brought into each well of the immun ized medium. The vaccinated media were hatched at 37 oC for 24 hours for microbes and at 30 oC for 7 days for the organisms, after which plates were watched for zones of hindrance of development. Least Inhibitory Concentration of the compound was resolved utilizing the stock weakening strategy. Least bactericidal fixation and least fungicidal focus (MBC and MFC) were likewise completed to decide if the test microorganisms were murdered or just restrained. Ciprofloxacin, Fulcin and Fluconazole were utilized as positive controls. Table 3. Antimicrobial Activity of sarracenin Key: S = Sensitive, R = Resistant, = (No turbidity) No settlement development, à ° = MIC or MBC or MFC, + = (Turbid) Scanty state development, ++ = Moderate province development, +++ = Heavy settlement development References Sitrit, Y., Loison, S., Ninio R, et al. (October 2003). Portrayal of monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa Lam.), a potential new harvest for bone-dry districts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (21): 6256â€60. De, B.B. what's more, Bisset, N.G. (1988). Alkaloids from the leaves of strychnos wallichiana steudelEx. A. DC. Indian Drugs 26 (2): 90-91. Miles, H. D.,Kokpol, U., Bhattacharyya, J.,Atwood, J. L.,Stone, K. E.,Bryson, T. A. what's more, Wilson, C. (1976). Structure of Sarracenin. An Unusual EnolDiacetalMonoterpene from the Insectivorous Plant Sarracenia Java.J. Am. Chem. Soc. (6) 1570 Wang, Y., Wei, Q., Yang, L., and Liu, Z. (2003). Iridoid Glucosides from Chinese Herb Lonicerachrysathaand their antitumor action. J. Chem. Research (S) 676-677 Yang, X., Li, E., Zhang, Q., Yuan, C., and Jia, Z. (2006). Five New Iridoids from Patrinarupestris. Helv. Chim. Acta. (3) 762-770 http://www.chemspider.com

On Monochromatic Reading Lists

On Monochromatic Reading Lists Scanning through my Twitter feed recently, I came across a Time.com message touting 35 Books Everyone Should Read in Their Lifetime. List lover that I am, I dove in, eager to refresh my to-be-read pile. Instead, I found the same old, same old: an overwhelmingly white and male list. It featured just three women authors â€" Harper Lee, Margaret Atwoood, L.M. Montgomery. Haruki Murakami was the lone person of color. Irritated, I replied: “I hope this is a first draft and you plan to do some soul searching about the bias you just put on blast.” I wrongly assumed that the whitewashed list, like so many others every year, was a sole author’s creation. Turns out, the real origin was more interesting. Time reprinted a Business Insider article summarizing a Reddit thread that asked, “What is a book that everyone needs to read at least once in their life?” A. Reddit. Thread. It’s bad enough that mainstream media reporters consistently develop and deliver whitewashed must-read lists on their own. (Witness this New York Times summer reading list.) But promoting third-party roundups of content produced on the same site as CoonTown feels like a new low. (Reddit only recently shut down some of its racist communities earlier this month.) This case highlights the intractability of bringing diverse authors to prominence. It’s not enough to persuade influential book reviewers to integrate their lists, hoping the spirit of inclusion trickles down to everyday readers not when major publications promote user-generated lists that are just as pale. Promoting diverse authors is a top-down, bottom-up, round-and-round battle fought in short-range, hand-to-hand. Forgive the war analogies, but the erasure of legions of authors feels like a kind of violence. Just today I received an all-white summer reading list from the graduate school I attended. Surely, the monochromatic roundup contradicts the university’s self-proclaimed efforts “to build a truly diverse, inclusive, and welcoming community for all.” To be clear, my issue is not with the wonderful authors who do appear on recommendation lists with regularity. Rather, I reject the customs and unconsciousness that callously promote those authors while systematically excluding worthy voices of a different hue. In the face of such persistent slights, a certain aggressiveness is required to give diverse literary voices a fighting chance. Only when enlightened readers produce a critical mass of tweets, essays and general outcry will reading lists more fully reflect our incredibly varied and colorful world. That’s why I love Book Riot posts like this, this and this. Vigilant community oversight and publicly calling offenders to account are promising tactics. I’ve seen an uptick in the number of widely read articles calling attention to the perils of whites-only book lists. When well-respected publications send their blanched lists of reading recommendations out into the world, enlightened readers are quick to call them out and offer more diverse reading options. Take Roxane Gay’s classic response, The Worst Kind of Groundhog Day: Let’s Talk (Again) About Diversity in Publishing. (I would expect the New York Times writer recognized for reaching “peak caucasity” to hesitate before delivering another ivory roundup.) But it’s not enough to nag publishing industry players into adding some token color to the palette. I would also like to see some guilt, reconciliation, and penance on their part. Recompense would look like joining us here in the real world and recognizing our humanity as readers, authors, characters. It would look like permanently relieving mindful readers of the duty of pointing out over and over again that people of a variety of ethnicities and experiences exist and matter. As Natalya Sylvester put it in a piece about tired summer reading lists: “Until we don’t have to point out diversity, until the word itself becomes more accurately replaced with ‘reality,’ it’ll be déjà vu over and over again.” It will take some time for diverse authors to bubble up in online popularity contests like the Reddit thread, but personally curated lists by pros and novices alike can transform in no time if pressure is applied. Are you in? My Pick for A Book Everyone Should Read? Each Kindness  by Jacqueline Woodson I love this elegant story of kindness and cruelty. In just 32 pages, it distills the essence of human conflicta persistent refusal to see the humanity in others and extend simple warmth and care. Set among school children, Each Kindness is told from the perspective of Chloe, a young girl who refuses to accept small gestures of friendship from Maya, the new girl. Maya wears spring shoes in the snow and plays alone, snubbed by classmates who laugh and name her Never New for her hand-me-down wardrobe. Despite her absolute rejection in the schoolyard, Maya continually reaches out, extending a glance, a smile, some jacks, a ballever optimistic that one day her affection will be returned. Alas, it is not, and we last see her jumping rope around the whole school yard alone, never stopping, never looking up. Heartbreaking. On the next page, Maya is absent from school and the girls’ teacher Ms. Albert gives a lesson in kindness. Chloe is moved when the teacher drops a small stone into a bowl of water, observes the ripples and says: “This is what kindness does. Each little thing we do goes out, like a ripple, into the world.” But Chloe can’t think of a single kindness to share when it is her turn to drop a pebble into the bowl. Later, she resolves to be kind and make the world better by simply returning Maya’s smile. But her realization comes too late. Maya’s absences from school pile up and Ms. Albert announces that her family had to move away. Chloe sits by a pond and considers each kindness she had never shown. I threw small stones into it, over and over. Watching the way the water rippled out and away. Out and away. Like each kindness â€" done and not done. Like every girl somewhere â€" holding a small gift out to someone and that someone turning away from it. The economy of Woodson’s prose and the solemnity of E.B. Lewis’s illustration combine to powerful effect. Together, they remind us that sometimes we learn valuable lessons too late, with real consequences for the people we spurn. It is a small kindness for readers to embrace the work of authors who reflect the abundant and varied world we live in, a kindness that ripples out and away, enriching us all. Don’t turn away.

Graduation Speech High School Students Essay - 2128 Words

Thousands of high school students each year, all over the United States, choose to not further their education after high school when they graduate. There is a variety of reasons for their decision-making, and knowing that most of these students are capable of going on to college, it was time to do the research and dig deeper into this issue since this happens very frequently each year at my hometown high school. After countless research, reading multiple sources, identifying who is at stake to the problem of why high school graduates choose to not further their education on to college, it has come to my attention that there is not just one single answer. Various situations have affected different people and their decisions to not go on to college. Whether it be students coming from different backgrounds where their families do not continue to go to college, low-income students, fear of low high school grades continuing to college, fear of student loans, or just low self-esteem. I ha ve recognized four individual stakeholders in my research, who are students who particularly come from low income backgrounds, the Universities, the U.S. economy, and families of non-college goers. Helen B. Goestch did a study at Milwaukee High School with the graduates of June in 1937, and a follow up with the same class in 1938, whose IQ’s were 117 and above. Of the class at Milwaukee High School in 1937, Helen found that 35 percent of this class were full-time college students, 4 percentShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School Students2263 Words   |  10 PagesFriends, Family, and Students, Good morning Please join me in thanking Mr. Moore, our Band director, and our award winning Jupiter High School band for their performance today. I also want to personally thank each of your for being here, helping us to make this a special occasion for all of our graduates and their families. To do that, we ask that you keep your applause brief to ensure each name will be heard. Please turn off your cell phones at this time, refrain from using noise makers, and pleaseRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Students1472 Words   |  6 Pages The teenage years a is time in which high school students are faced with important decisions and are becoming young adults. This is an important transition in life. Post-secondary education is critical, as a matter of fact, it is a credential crucial for economic success; inevitably, in some cases, it is the opposite. As pressure intensifies near the end of high school, it is essential for students to unconventionally take time off school -- not learning -- before proceeding on to postsecondaryRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Students916 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school students in China are faced with many challenges throughout their education. Some of these challenges include taking the Gaokao exam in order to receive a diploma. The Gaokao exam, also known as the National Higher Education Entrance Examination , is an academic examination that high schoolers need to take prior to entering any higher level education in the future. This test consist of mathematics, Chinese literature, English, and the choice of humanities or natural sciences. Over a courseRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Students921 Words   |  4 PagesActually, in the high school students got test as the SAT where every student had to write about a topic in just twenty-five minutes, for to prove the improvement and skill of every student in redact, analyze and write an essay. Because the importance of the writing in the High school is focus in the making of new texts and the comprehension it, which good oriented and structured would convert in knowledge. The apprenticeship based in the writing; potency a whole of ideas, and generate bases forRead MoreGraduation Speech : A Program For High School Students Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagesclass Running Start is an initial advantage over other students upon graduation. By the time of graduation one who has completed this program is granted an Associate’s Degree with their high school diploma. The program allows a student to take college classes while they complete high school. A student who does this program graduates with their Associate’s Degree without cost, Students also get to experience a college atmosphere, and students also have the opportunity to take courses that coincideRead MoreGraduation Speech : A Rite Of Passage1527 Words   |  7 PagesFor many adolescent individuals in America, graduation is considered a rite of passage. Often, Americans couple graduation with a celebration of opening a new chapter of their life. Specifically, transitioning from a high school student to a graduate. In this essay I will explain what a rite of passage is and what graduation is. Also, I will discuss how graduation is approached as a rite of passage in my culture , and what celebration in regards to graduation looks like and means to many. Almost allRead MoreAnalysis Of Graduation By Maya Angelou960 Words   |  4 PagesEssay on â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou Racial segregation was very dominant in the United States in the mid nineteen hundreds. This is the time that Maya Angelou was graduating from the eighth grade in Stamps Arkansas. The theme of racial segregation is well shown by the how different the schools of the African-Americans was compared to that of whites in the essay â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou. In the essay the Angelou points out that Lafayette County Training School didn’t have a lawn, hedges, tennisRead MoreGraduation by Maya Angelou Critique1386 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 121 SL May 9, 2012 â€Å"Graduation† Critique â€Å"Graduation† was written by Maya Angelou in 1969. Angelou was born in Missouri, but after her parents divorced, she was sent to live with her grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. While in Arkansas, Angelou attended the Lafayette County Training School. The school is the setting for her essay â€Å"Graduation.† Angelou graduated from eighth grade at Lafayette with top honors and went on to graduate from high school. After high school, Angelou wrote over thirtyRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Admissions1424 Words   |  6 PagesDuring a typical high school graduation, speeches are given by a select few, notable students. These notable students normally include the two students who earned the highest grade point averages out of all the students in their graduating class - the valedictorian and the salutatorian. Imagine a graduation, however, with no valedictorian or salutatorian speech. Imagine if there was no valedictorian or salutatorian. Imagine if there was no distinction of students academic performance during commencementRead MoreTeaching Human Sexuality in the High School Curriculum1338 Words   |  5 Pages Facts of the Potential Litigation On August of 2011, Chancellor Dennis Walcott announced that all middle and high schools will be required to teach compulsory sexual health education as part of the core curriculum. Required Health classes focusing on human sexuality are provided as mandated at Edward R. Murrow high school. Some of the topics of this course include but are not limited to the following: HIV/AIDS, practicing of safe sex, sexually transmitted diseases, description of both male and

The Inexplicable Puzzle Into Benefits of Government Regulation Essay Paper Samples

The Inexplicable Puzzle Into Benefits of Government Regulation Essay Paper Samples The Characteristics of Benefits of Government Regulation Essay Paper Samples Market failure exists as soon as the competitive outcome of markets isn't efficient from the perspective of society as a whole. As mentioned rules apply differently in various places, for example school rules may include things like dressing and some particular kind of food that could differ from many other institution. Government isn't a creator of jobs. A good example of a preceding sit-in is the protest beyond the United Nations (U.N). Benefits of Government Regulation Essay Paper Samples for Dummies Consequently, government regulation is fantastic for business. The government plays quite a few roles in business primarily to make sure that the public's interests are preserved and to control all industry failure. It also determines the minimum wages paid to different types of workers. In 1969, Norwegian government started to supply press subsidies to small neighborhood newspapers. Any industry economy necessitates some collective authority so as to enforce property rights and to make certain that folks execute contractual responsibility. Even after 100 decades, it might not be purged. For example, there is not any doubt that lots of tax bureaucracies would love to constrain or control the development of the cryptoeconomy because it will make taxation harder. The Lost Secret of Benefits of Government Regulation Essay Paper Samples The essay isn't the simplest task to master. An Essay Introduction is vital for the overall newspaper. Together with the topics, you'd discover loads of papers free of charge. Violation of land use regulations can shut off your business with minimal or no recourse. In this way, they can be seen as implementation artifacts of policy statements. Environmental regulations are a frequent instance of this. Government regulation over science is extremely complicated. The federal government has no lack of business regulations. If found guilty, the official is eliminated from office and might never be permitted to hold elected office again. The last commission to check at is OSHA. Each agency operates like it is the just one issuing regulations. The 5-Minute Rule for Benefits of Government Regulation Essay Paper Samples There are many highly differentiated goods and services that are offered for the consumers. The arguments presented on the subject of raising minimum wage are in a position to create evident a number of the possibilities of advantages or detriments that may happen from raising the minimum wage, but none are backed by direct evidence. Similar dilemmas present themselves in quite a few different contexts, including in the internet neutrality debate. There are many problems with these kinds of assumptions, however. Completely free Government Regulation essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. The government's role is to make sure that all competitors can compete and extend similar services and products to its customers (Aaron, 2010). There are various types of rules that have been set in various nations. Other forms of regulation do not benefit financial services or asset management whatsoever, but are meant to protect different interests outside the corporate world. For instance, there is considerable state legislation and regulation governing the varieties of group term life insurance contracts that could be offered as a member of an employer program. The anti-monopoly regulations, as an example, help tiny businesses at the cost of large ones, which is just why they're so seldom invoked any longer. Additionally when you have to spend 10% of your revenue complying with regulations that's a lot of work you aren't putting into customer assistance, expanding, etc.. While the greater time and workload caused by government regulation can be harmful to individual fina ncial or credit services companies in the brief term, government regulations may also benefit the financial services industry for a whole in the long run. The degree of analysis required in a RIS is dependent on the importance of the proposed shift. Benefit planners desire a simple knowledge of the federal regulatory scheme. Regulation is a fundamental tool for achieving broad public targets, but as we've shown, poorly designed regulations can do more damage than good. Government regulation impacts the financial services industry in a variety of ways, but the particular impact is dependent on the essence of the regulation. Benefits of Government Regulation Essay Paper Samples Ideas Concisely, rules are rather important in almost all of the activities in our day today life. There are many assortments of essays, therefore it is straightforward enough to eradicate an eye on all your writing assignments. Still, every one of them would show up in the overall list. Typically, i t takes as much as two hours of time to comb through dozens of sites until you discover something exciting to write about.

The Brain and Cognitive Functioning Free Essays

The Brain and Cognitive Functioning Jessica Johnson PSY 360 March 11, 2013 Donna M. Glover-Rogers, Ph. D The Brain and Cognitive Functioning The following describes the role of the brain and the impact it has on a person’s cognitive functions, including how injury to certain part of the brain can affect specific cognitive functions while leaving others intact. We will write a custom essay sample on The Brain and Cognitive Functioning or any similar topic only for you Order Now To support this idea we look at the case of Phinneas Gage, and how his brain injury affected his cognitive abilities. In order to understand what role the brain plays in cognitive functioning one must understand cognitive functioning and what it is. Cognitive functioning refers to a person’s ability to coordinate thought and action as well as the ability to direct it towards a goal. It is needed to overcome environmental obstacles, orchestrate plans and execute complex sequences of behavior. When a person thinks, gives their attention to something, has or feels some kind of emotion, makes a plan, learns a new task or information, or recalls a memory they are using their cognitive functioning all of which starts in the brain. As the world has progressed so has science and technology; as theses fields have grown so has the ability to learn about the brain and how it works. Today we know that the brain is made up of millions small parts all working together to serve a final outcome. However technology is not the only thing that assists researchers in the study of the brain; people who have suffered traumatic brain injury have equally aided scientist in understanding how the brain functions. One of the most remarkable examples of the impact a brain injury can have on a person’s life is that of Phinneas Gage. This case proves to be one of the first to confirm that damage to a person’s frontal cortex could result in a significant personality change despite other neurological functions remain intact. In September of 1848 an accidental explosion caused a 20 pound iron rod from the railroad tracks to penetrate Gage’s Left cheek bone and exiting just behind his right temple (BSCS 2005). To everyone’s shock Gage never lost consciousness through the injury; however, the injuries to his brain caused a complete change in personality. Prior to the accident Gage was reported to be calm and collected man. He was said to be very level-headed and it was reported by his supervisors that his calm demeanor made him the best foremen on his team. The trauma to Gage’s brain caused a severe and unpleasant change in his character. Upon recovering and returning to work he was said to be highly volatile, full of rage, impatient and vulgar. Despite making a full physical recovery his behavior made such a negative change he was never able to work as a foreman again. Gage’s case was one of the first and often considered the most dramatic cases of personality change caused by brain injury that has ever been documented. The injuries that Gage sustained to his brain raised several questions about the impact the brain has on cognitive functioning. It has become clear that a common side-effect of frontal lobe damage is drastic change in one’s behavior. An individual’s personality can significantly alter after damage to the frontal lobes, particularly when both lobes are involved (Hernandez, 2008). Many important things were learned from Gage’s life altering accident, first and possibly most important it shows that not every brain injury will cause death. In addition researchers learned that not all brain injuries will cause loss to all brain functions (2008). Although being over 100 years old the injury Phineas Gage suffered to his brain is still known as one of the most educational injuries in history. Not only did it prove one could survive such a traumatic injury to the brain but it proved they could still function physically and mentally. This case was also the first to prove that the frontal cortex of the brain directly impacts personality, and although one could recover to physically function as they had before the altered personality may never change. Along with cases like Phinneas Gage, advancements in technology have given researchers a picture of how the brain controls cognitive functioning but to what extent remains unclear. References Hernandez, Christina. (2008). Phineas Gage. Retrieved March 08, 2013 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/831073/phineas_gage_pg3. html? cat=4 National Institue of Health Office of Science Education BSCS (2005). Retrieved March 07, 2013 from http://science. education. nih. gov/supplements/nih4/self/guide/info-brain. htm Willingham, D. T. (2007). Cognition: The thinking animal (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Retrieved from Ebsco Host How to cite The Brain and Cognitive Functioning, Essay examples

Mass Media free essay sample

The mass media, since being invented, have experienced many improvements, undergone numerous in variety from television, radio, newspaper to the internet. People watch televisions every day, read newspapers every hour, therefore, it goes without saying that mass media has the capability to affect their mind. The mass media, including TV, radio, newspaper play a very important role in our modern life. They have changed our life very much. It is not disgusting to say that they have a great influence in shaping peoples ideas, both for the better and the worse. The mass media affects peoples fashion. Simply take a glance at the way you dress right now, it was probably something you have picked up over the internet or magazines. What we are wearing may look similar to what famous actors or singers have worn recently. And all of the things we often to is to imitate the models appear every day in fashion shows. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The media builds up our knowledge about social issues and have significant influence on our attitude towards the problems. Every day there are several events broadcasted and analyzed on television and radio. We cannot deny that the mass edia have a great contribution to shaping our ways of thinking. It is obvious that the mass media also play an important role in our attitude to life. In this assignment, I have considered a number of very compelling aspects of this topic: what impact do media have on children? And how can parents and others influence these media effects on children? What is media? Media is a tool used to convey mass communication to a larger audience or market. Up until the 20th century the main source of information were TV, Radio, Magazine, Newspaper and lately the internet. These mass media plays a big role in our life. How it affects us: There are still so many people that will insist that the images on TV and works and picture in Newspaper are not responsible for the problems of the society. The media is a good source of information and entertainment. In this first section I will talk about how the media affect our awareness, knowledge, attitude and behaviour. You will see the people turn to media learn about Moral Values and interpersonal relationship from the media. A medium give us an opinion of various cultures, religious and believes. These help s to identity ourselves and others. It snows that now people live, what they believe in and describe the society. Most television viewer considers Arabs as terrorist because of the way they are portrait in the news. Heavvy usage of this image may result in the cultivation of opinion. News that we get from certain media contradict the real society. You have to actually understand their religion and believe in order to make a statement about the person or the society. How the media affect our attitude and behaviour: The media have a great effect on the society and in our life experience. We ometimes try to apply these concepts to our everyday life. Teenagers like to watch TV shows about Love, Fashion, Relationship, violence, many other things. On the other hand older people watch things about Food, Health, Exercises and news from the world. This affect everyone behaviours at that particular time. Media can be a great source of wisdom and knowledge but we should realize its impact on our society, our family, our attitudes, our kids and our self. The media have a great effect on our society and in our attitudes, our kids and our self. The media have a great effect on the society and in our life experience. We sometimes try to apply these concepts to our daily life. Mass media as we know can give an effect to our education, environment or may be family life. Sometimes media can give a positive effect and sometimes it will give a negative effect to our life. Influence of mass media: In the last 50 years the media influence has developed exponentially with the advance of technology, first there was telegraph, then the radio, the newspaper, magazine, television and now the internet. We live in society that depends on information and communication to keep moving in the right direction and do our aily activities like work, entertainment, attitudes, healthcare, education, personal relationships, travelling and anything else that we have to perform. Media is the means of support to the people in the world which shapes their attitude, opinion, and makes them to think before they start doing a particular work. The most beautiful is it helps the people to know about different religious, places, important things to do about the past and the future. Media is well and good enough as long as its valuable and influential information on society. The usage of media would depend pon each individual to carry out the maximum of what is good and moral to be performed out in the society. Influence on children: Initially, I want to speak about how media can give a big role to the childrens life. Many children watch between two and four hours of television per day. The presence of role models, how men and women, boys and girls are presented in the media, powerfully affects boys and girls their role in the world. In this case, media such as television has a bad effect to the children. Some people complain that children nowadays tend to be lazier and more violent. This is simply the result ot bad programmes shown on T. V all time, incontrollable websites and even the carelessness of parents. To be free from their children, some people allow the children to surf the webs, without noticing that are plenty of disasters on Internet which the children have experienced to deal with. We cannot blame the children about what they do because actually they dont know anything about it. In this regard the parents have a big responsibility to guide their children, and let them know about what program that they watch. The parents must have a big role to guide their hildren; their attitudes towards the media. Influence on parents: Next I would like to consider the impact of the media on parents about parenting. Parents are an important audience for childrens media. The media plays a role in providing information and support to parents about child-rearing. We already know that there is an explosion of information and advice about child-rearing in the mass media. In every category of mass media, from books and magazines, television and the internet, message about child-rearing are being directed to parents to an extraordinary level. Yet, little attention is given to the quantity or quality of those messages. Influence on youth: How do the media influence young people in todays society? Our society still seems confused about what to about young people. it seems to be gripped with a fear of youth. We blame them for much of societys harms like crime, damage, drugs, drinks, sex, and teenage pregnancy the list goes on. But if these theories are true, where do these rebellious attitudes come from? The obvious answer would be from the upbringing of children, but in my opinion the media also plays a substantial role in he attitudes, behaviour and physical aspects of youth today, in particularly that of young women. Media strongly affects youth culture. The media executives are quick to defend their role in youth violence and harassment while selling millions of dollars in advertisements focused on youth. TV producers, network executives, motion picture companies and others in media deny any impact of their programs on the attitudes and actions of youth. People, especially teenagers, always have an idol and they tend to follow what their idols do and say no matter these things are good or ad. Positive and negative influences in young people: Young people are in a stage of life where they want to be accepted by their peers, they want to be loved and be successful. The media creates the ideal image of a beautiful men and women and tells them the characteristics of a successful person. If there is a sport that is getting a lot of attention by the media and gains popularity among your friends and society, you will more likely want to practice the sport and be cool witn all your triends. The result is that you will nave tun witn your triends and be ealthier because of the exercise you are doing. Media is one of the successful instruments to enrich our children, youth and parents to become successful one. It shapes our attitudes towards our better life. However a negative influence in teenagers is the use of cigars by celebrity movie stars, the constant exposure of sex images, the excessive images of violence and exposure to thousands of Junk food ads. Another negative influence in teenagers that has grown over the last years is anoxia and obesity. There are millions of adolescents fighting obesity. And they are exposed housands of advertisements of Junk food, and they are told that they become thin and wealthy. I believe that mass media is one of the main source considered of immorality such as drugs, drinking, pre-marital sex and adultery are of acceptance today. Media shows us these things. Exposes us to them. And we are all thinking if they are doing it, why cant we? It is implanted in our mind that these things are normal. Also more women are obsessive with losing weight even when they are not overweight; there are many women that they want to look the super models and thin elebrities, so they engage in eating disorder food which leads to severe health issues and even death. Conclusion: We should not take media as negative sources of impact. Not only media but everything has good and bad influence. It is up to persons catching ability. It is also depend on persons mind and thinking. If a person is a positive receiver the person will receive it positively. And other way is government must take initiative to publish and broadcast a pure and good channel. Every day people are surrounded by opinion and I enjoy that because they can formulate a more informed opinion based n what come across their way. In conclusion, we have absolutely no control over the media. Firstly, the mass media is expanding our understanding about environment. There are a number of environmental programs on television every week provides numerous viewers with explanation of what environment is and how important it is. Earth talk today program is an example which enables us to expand our knowledge about hot environmental issues by interviewing experts. Hardly have we watched these informative news and we comprehend the reasons why we need to protect the air, water and land on the earth. Mass Media free essay sample Please indicate whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) T 1. Positive feedback encourages the communication behavior in progress. T 2. Semantic noise occurs when a word or phrase means something different to the source and the receiver. F 3. Machine-assisted interpersonal communication allows the source and receiver to be separated by time and space. T 4. The Internet has â€Å"blurred† the lines between interpersonal and machine-assisted communication. T 5. The word â€Å"media† is the plural form of the singular word â€Å"medium. † T 6. Put simply, a functional approach to mass communication centers on audience’s use of media. T 7. A microanalytic perspective toward mass media centers on the functions media perform for an entire society. T 8. As noise increases, so does message fidelity. T 9. Status conferral occurs when people or issues become important because they have received media attention. T 10. Critical/cultural studies, unlike the functional approach to ass communication, are rooted in Marxist philosophy. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page T 11. Online communications that use special techniques involving participation, conversation and sharing are called social media. F 12. Hegemony involves the application of force to extend dominance over marginalized or relatively powerless groups. F 13. People who say the invention of the printing press is responsible for many changes resulting after its development could be considered technological determinists. T 14. The importance of the entertainment function of mass media has grown as Americans have accumulated more leisure time. F 15. The development of photography meant that, during the Civil War, people got their first glimpse of the actual horrors and casualties of war. F 16. With the set on an average of eight hours per day, watching TV occupies more time (outside of work and sleep) than does Any other activity. T 17. The first mass medium bringing music, news, talk, and sports into people’s homes was radio. F 18. Wireless handheld media might change how some individuals communicate, but they’re not likely to affect traditional forms of mass media. T 19. Ideology refers to a specific set of beliefs, especially regarding social and political subjects. F 20. The authors of your text provide six uses of the media in daily lives: cognition, diversion, expression, and withdrawing, recording, and social expression. Multiple Choice: Identify the correct response. 21. When Beyonce Knowles is in a studio recording an album, she is engaged in the process of: . encoding b. messaging c. decoding d. sourcing e. channel-use 22. The television program â€Å"Survivor† is an example of a: a. source b. encoder c. message d. channel e. receiver 23. Which of the following is true of traditional mass communication organizations? a. They have multiple gatekeepers b. They are expensive to operate c. They exist to make a profit d. They are very competitive e. All of the above 24. Which of the following is a media vehicle? a. the New York Times b. the television industry c. the radio industry d. the film industry e. all of these 25. The _____approach presumes that the best way to understand the media is to investigate how the media are used. a. paradigmatic b. critical studies c. cultural studies d. functional e. both B C 26. Media analyses can occur at which level? a. macroanalytic b. microanalytic c. paradigmatic d. phenomenon e. both A B 27. Transmission of values is also referred to as the _____ function. a. installation b. distillation c. brainwashing d. socialization e. mediation 28. Which of the following is NOT an example of the diversion function of the media? a. listening to the radio to pass the time . reading an in-flight magazine to keep from being bored c. watching an episode of Biography to learn about the person featured d. listening to New Age music to relax e. watching a horror movie to become frightened 29. A society dependent upon the spoken word is called a(n) _____culture. a. verbal b. literal c. literate d. oral e. conceptual 30. Moving pictures helped to bring about the concept of: a. l eisure time b. popular culture c. elite culture d. cultural institutions e. leisure institutions 31. Wireless handheld media: . are individual devices that do not support connectivity b. are clearly associated with interpersonal communication rather than mass communication c. have the potential to radically transform traditional media and American culture d. seem to prevent the linkage function from occurring e. will erase the â€Å"digital divide† 32. Soon after the telegraph ____ began linking people together by voice, eliminating the need to understand telegraphic codes. a. the I-pod b. the I-phone c. the computer d. the telephone 33. Two inventions were needed to make photography a reality: a. a camera and film b. models and fluorescent lighting c. a tripod and black cloth d. a way to focus light rays from a source onto a surface and a way to copy and permanently store those images 34. Early photos called_____captured images on glass plates and were treated with silver iodide. a. Dagurreotypes b. Brownies c. Exposures d. Film 35. Johann Gutenberg is credited with developing a printing system using: a. a series of blocks b. daguerro type c. moveable metal type d. font based type e. an abacus 36. The first movie houses were named: . theatres b. Regal 6 c. cinemas d. nickelodeons 37. Edwin Porter’s â€Å"The Great Train Robbery† was an immensely popular western. This film was actually shot in _____. a. New York City b. California c. New Jersey d. Florida 38. The first medium to use digital communication was: a. the telegraph b. the telephone c. the radio d. the computer 39. Because of the digital revol ution, a. fledgling writers no longer need a publisher b. new bands can bypass music companies to reach their audiences c. traditional news media no longer have as much control as in the past d. all of these e. none of these 40. The average cost of a thirty second ad in last week’s Super Bowl w was a whopping:_____! How’s that some Doritos? Go Daddy! a. three thousand b. 3. 8 million c. 10 million d. 2 million **********Bonus: For an additional five points, design and answer the question of your choice. ********\ EXTRA: What is credibility? ANSWER: it’s the trust that the audience holds for media that performs surveillance functions. [pic] EN 290 Introduction to Mass Media Exam I Short Essay. Ten points each. Answer two of the following: Your response should be typed, double- spaced and between 200 – 250 words for each answer. 1. How has the Internet changed the characteristics of mass communication? The internet has changed the characteristics of mass communication by having everything you can possibly need at quick access, many people rely more on the internet than anything else. Yes the TV and Radio are convenient when you don’t have internet access but the internet plays a huge role in a large amount of people in the world. Whether it’s emailing family a Christmas picture, or talking to a stranger in a different country that you met on a foreign exchange, or even doing homework online, people literally can use the internet for anything. And it defiantly has a lot of advantages. Another disadvantage is that a lot of people don’t even read the new paper anymore because they can get it on the internet. And this also plays a huge role in the mail delivery, post offices want to cut another day of delivering because too many people pay bills over the internet and aren’t spending money on postage. So that’s letter carriers are losing out big time because of this. People rely so much on the internet for a lot of different reasons. Some good, some bad but in the end I believe that it has greatly changed the changed the characteristics of mass media. 2. Using the critical/cultural viewpoint, can you detect ways that the media preserve the current political and economic status quo? 3. Many people would argue that, of all the communication media, television has had the greatest impact on society. Do you agree? Why or why not? Yes, I do agree. I feel like people just go along with what everyone else says and they mostly don’t have their own opinion. by seeing things on TV and they want to be just like everyone else, there aren’t anymore original thoughts. It has a huge impact on society because if people are always doing what the media and TV are doing who knows what’s next. With all the shootings and stuff that have been going on I feel like that just gives people more ideas. And yes , we should know about things like that but I feel like media and all that shouldn’t go that deep into stories because it just like I said, gives people more ideas. And on MTV 16 and Pregnant? Yes I get it your 16 and living life knowing your going to have a child when your still a child yourself but by putting that on a popular channel for teenagers to watch it not only shows them what’s bad about it but, it also shows that these girls are getting paid for these people to follow them around with cameras for 9 months. And girls want stuff like that. There’s also many positives on TV but I feel like the media doesn’t truly think before they do things a lot of the time. 4. Some have argued that the media represents â€Å"the fourth† arm of government. Do you agree? How much political influence do the media weld in shaping public opinion? Should there be a â€Å"sacred trust† between the public and the media? Are these ethical obligations being met? 5. Preview a few of the technological advancements of media in the future. The year is 2050, what kinds of technology will we be using? Which forms of technology do you think will fall by the wayside?

How to Quote Sources with APA Referencing

How to Quote Sources with APA Referencing How to Quote Sources with APA Referencing APA style referencing is used for citing sources in academic writing in a variety of disciplines, including the social and behavioral sciences. This is important because, when writing a college paper, you need to show your reader how you’ve drawn upon past research. A big part of this is indicating clearly when you’ve quoted someone else’s work, as failure to do so could be interpreted as plagiarism. As such, it’s vital you know how to quote sources with APA referencing before you start writing. The Basics of Quoting a Source Obviously, most of your paper should be in your own words. However, quoting sources is useful if your argument depends on the words used by another author. When you do quote a source, you need to use â€Å"quotation marks† and give an in-text citation including the author’s surname, year of publication and relevant page numbers after the quoted text: Ricoeur is said to have â€Å"sought to separate his philosophical writings from his theological writings† (Sohn, 2013, p. 159). If the author is named in the text, give the year of publication immediately afterwards, then the page numbers after the quotation: Sohn (2013) writes that Ricoeur â€Å"sought to separate his philosophical writings from his theological writings† (p. 159). You can also give page numbers when paraphrasing a source, though this is only required if you feel it is necessary for the reader to find the relevant section in the original. Sources with No Page Numbers If a source lacks page numbers, such as a website, provide a paragraph number instead. In longer documents that lack page numbers, like an e-book, you may also have to provide a section title: Paraphrasing restates someone else’s words in a new way (Lee, 2015, para. 3). Long Quotations If the passage you are quoting is more than 40  words long, it should be formatted as a block quotation. This means presenting the quotation on a new line and indented roughly 0.5 inches. Block quotations don’t require quotation marks, but you should still give a citation. After the quotation, you continue with the formatting used throughout the rest of your document. This would look something like the following: Ricoeur’s position on Christian philosophy is summarized as follows: His reflections on the matter, however, were not merely an occasional work or a passing period in his thought, but rather it was an issue to which he would turn time and again throughout his career with each development becoming ever more complex and nuanced. (Sohn, 2015, p.164) Given this, we can come to the following conclusions†¦

The Sociology of the Internet and Digital Sociology

The Sociology of the Internet and Digital Sociology The sociology of the internet is a subfield of sociology in which researchers focus on how the internet plays a role in mediating and facilitating communication and interaction, and on how it affects and is affected by social life more broadly. Digital sociology is a related and similar subfield, however, researchers within it focus on such questions as they pertain to the more recent technologies and forms of online communication, interaction, and commerce associated with Web 2.0, social media, and the internet of things. Sociology of the Internet: An Historical Overview In the late 1990s, the sociology of the internet took shape as a subfield. The sudden widespread diffusion and adoption of the internet in the U.S. and other Western nations drew the attention of sociologists because the early platforms enabled by this technologyemail, list-serves, discussion boards and forums, online news and writing, and early forms of chat programswere seen as having significant impacts on communication and social interaction. Internet technology allowed for new forms of communication, new sources of information, and new ways of disseminating it, and sociologists wanted to understand how these would impact peoples lives, cultural patterns, and social trends, as well as larger social structures, like the economy and politics. Sociologists who first studied internet-based forms of communication took interest in impacts on identity and social networks that online discussion forums and chat rooms might have, especially for people experiencing social marginalization because of their identity. They came to understand these as online communities that might become important in a persons life, as either a replacement or a supplement to existing forms of community in their immediate surroundings. Sociologists also took interest in the concept of virtual reality and its implications for identity and social interaction, and the implications of the society-wide shift from an industrial to an information economy, enabled by the technological advent of the internet. Others studied the potential political implications of the adoption of internet technology by activist groups and politicians. Across most topics of study, sociologists paid close attention to the way online activities and relationships might be related to or have impacts on those a person engages in offline. One of the earliest sociological essays pertinent to this subfield was written by Paul DiMaggio and colleagues in 2001, titled  Social Implications of the Internet, and published in  Annual Review of Sociology. In it, DiMaggio and his colleagues outlined then-current concerns within the sociology of the internet. These included the digital divide, relationships between the internet and  community and social capital (social ties), the impact of the internet on political participation, how internet technology impacts organizations and economic institutions and our relationships to them, and cultural participation and cultural diversity. Common methods during this early stage of studying the online world included network analysis, used to study the ties between people facilitated by the internet, virtual ethnography conducted in discussion forums and chat rooms, and content analysis of information published online. Digital Sociology in Todays World As internet communication technologies (ICTs) have evolved, so too have their roles in our lives and their impacts on social relations and society overall. As such, so too has the sociological approach to studying these evolved. The sociology of the internet dealt with users who sat before wired desktop PCs to participate in various forms of online communities, and while that practice still exists and has even become more common, the way we connect to the internet nowmostly via wireless mobile devices, the advent of a wide variety of new communication platforms and tools, and the general diffusion of ICTs into all aspects of social structure and our lives requires new research questions and methods of study. These shifts also enable new and larger scales of researchthink big datanever before seen in the history of science. Digital sociology, the contemporary subfield that has subsumed and taken over from the sociology of the internet since the late 2000s, takes into account the variety of ICT devices that populate our lives, the variety of ways in which we use them (communication and networking, documentation, cultural and intellectual production and sharing of content, consuming content/entertainment, for education, organization and the management of productivity, as vehicles for commerce and consumption, and on and on), and the many and varied implications these technologies have for social life and society overall (in terms of identity, belonging and loneliness, politics, and safety and security, among many others). EDIT: Role of digital media in social life, and how digital technologies and media are related to behavior, relationships, and identity. Recognizes the central role that these now play in all aspects of our lives. Sociologists must take them into account, and they have done so in terms of the kinds of research questions they ask, how they conduct research, how they publish it, how they teach, and how they engage with audiences. The widespread adoption of social media and the use of hashtags have been a data boon for sociologists, many of whom now turn to Twitter and Facebook to study public engagement with and perception of contemporary social issues and trends. Outside the academy, Facebook assembled a team of social scientists to mine the sites data for trends and insights and regularly publishes research on topics like how people use the site during periods of romantic courtship, relationship, and what happens before and after people break up. The subfield of digital sociology also includes research that focuses on how sociologists use digital platforms and data to conduct and disseminate research, how digital technology shapes the teaching of sociology, and on the rise of a digitally enabled public sociology that brings social science findings and insights to large audiences outside of academia. In fact, this site is a prime example of this. Development of Digital Sociology Since 2012 a handful of sociologists have focused on defining the subfield of digital sociology, and on promoting it as an area of research and teaching. Australian sociologist Deborah Lupton recounts in her 2015 book on the topic,  titled simply  Digital Sociology, that U.S. sociologists Dan Farrell and James C. Peterson in 2010 called sociologists to task for not yet embracing web-based data and research, though many other fields had. In 2012 the subfield became formalized in the UK when members of the British Sociological Association, including Mark Carrigan, Emma Head, and Huw Davies created a new study group designed to develop a set of best practices for digital sociology. Then, in 2013, the first edited volume on the topic was published, titled  Digital Sociology: Critical Perspectives.  First focused conference in New York in 2015. In the U.S. there is no formalized organization around the subfield, however many sociologists have turned to the digital, in both research focus and methods. Sociologists who do so can be found among research groups including the  American Sociological Associations sections on Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology,  Science, Knowledge and Technology,  Environment and Technology, and Consumers and Consumption, among others. Digital Sociology: Key Areas of Study Researchers within the subfield of digital sociology study a wide range of topics and phenomena, but some areas have emerged as of particular interest. These include: The impact of ICTs on social relationships, like the role that social media plays in teen friendships today,  how and which rules of etiquette have emerged around smartphone use in the company of others, and how they impact dating and romance in todays world.How ICTs are a part of the processes of crafting and expressing identity, like through creation of social media profiles on popular sites including Facebook and Instagram, how selfies are a part of those processes in todays world, and the extent to which there may be benefits or drawbacks to expressing ourselves online.The impact of ICTs and social media on political expression, activism, and campaigning. For example, some sociologists are curious about the role and impacts of changing ones Facebook profile picture to reflect solidarity with a cause, and others, in how online activism might impact and/or advance issues offline.The role and impact of ICTs and the web in processes of building group affiliation and community, part icularly among marginalized groups like LGBT individuals, racial minorities, and among extremist groups like anti-vaxxers and hate groups. Since the early days of the sociology of the internet, the digital divide has been an area of concern for sociologists. Historically that has referred to the way wealth brokers access to ICTs and all the resources of the web-connected to them. That issue remains relevant today, however others kinds of divides have emerged, like how race affects the use of social media in the U.S. ​Notable Digital Sociologists Mark Carrigan, University of Warwick (education, capitalism, and big data)Deborah Lupton, University of Canberra (defining digital sociology as a subfield)Mary Ingram-Waters, Arizona State University (fantasy football and identity and ethics)C.J. Pascoe, University of Oregon (teen use of social media and ICTs)Jennifer Earl, Arizona State University (politics and activism)Juliet Schor, Boston College (peer-to-peer and connected consumption)Alison Dahl Crossley, Stanford University (feminist identities and activism)

I'm attaching a document. Read the background information about Essay

I'm attaching a document. Read the background information about bacteria, antibiotics, and the evolution of antibiotic resistance at this site - Essay Example water or food) and susceptible person. If any of these factors are changed or eradicated the infection will not spread widely and the epidemic will be stopped. For example we can increase immunity by the vaccination or break the way of transmission by the provision of safe food or potable water. Definite doagnosis could be provided only after laboratory tests but we can suppose several gastrointestinal diseases. There are bacterial dysentery (shigellosis), protozoal dysentery (amebiasis), salmonellosis, enteroviral infection and staphylococcal intoxication. Correspondingly possible microbial pathogens could be named as shigellae (various species and strains), amoeba hystolitica, salmonella spp., eneroviridae spp. and staphylococcus auresus. Nevertheless the incubation period for staphylococcal intoxication usually is less than 12 hours. In the described case the data about the time frame of clinical signs are omitted thus we could take this type of microbial poisoning in the account. To avoid such cases there is necessary to improve hygienic skills of family members especially in the part of cooking and food preserving, educate them about the threats of microbial food-borne diseases. Proper thermal processing of food products, avoiding food with expired date or signs of spoiling could be important also. Hand washing is a key element of infection control and there is important to provide adequate treatment for family members having chronic intestinal infections. 3. Weese JS, Rousseau J. Survival of Salmonella Copenhagen in food bowls following contamination with experimentally inoculated raw meat: effects of time, cleaning, and disinfection. Can Vet J. 2006 Sep;47(9):887-9. 5. Callaway TR, Harvey RB, Nisbet DJ. The hygiene hypothesis and foodborne illnesses: too much of a good thing, or is our food supply too clean? Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2006 Fall;3(3):217-9. No abstract

United States of America Vs Sony BMG Research Paper

United States of America Vs Sony BMG - Research Paper Example The Issue This case is about the violation of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) by Sony BMG Music Entertainment in 2008. Sony Corporation of America is a company whose Sony BMG subsidiary represents musical entertainers who are popular even with underage children. COPPA aims at protecting the children’s privacy against misuse of their private information by the online community. The act was passed on 21st April, 2000 and provides legal guidelines for companies or organizations which provide Internet services through websites. This act covers the privacy of children who fall below the age of thirteen years.1 The legal provision of the act to the online service providers is that consent must be obtained from the parents of children under the age of thirteen before collecting personal information about the children. Moreover, the parents have to be informed when an online service provider needs to use or reveal personal information of the children. 2 In 2008, Sony BMG Music Entertainment violated the provision of COPPA by collecting, using and disclosing information of children below thirteen without the permission of their parents. This led to the legal suit against the company by the USA on behalf of the Federal Trade Commission. ... The information collected from the underage children by the company affected more than 30 000 of the young people within its 196 websites. The ethical and legal issue in this case is that the company collected the information with full knowledge that it was obtained from underage children. This demonstrates that the company knowingly violated the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act. The legal issue was worsened by the failure of the company to reveal that it intended to keep the information. Additionally, the company did not disclose how the collected information was to be used. Applicable Law The law that was violated by the company is the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The Federal Trade Commission’s implementing rule was also violated by Sony BMG which made the commission to be the Civil Penalty Complainant. The Federal Trade Commission on 5th April, 2010 requested for opinions of the public on the use of private information by the onlin e community in relation to the changes and advancement in technology. This was through the Commission’s publication in the Federal Register.3 The public opinion on the matter was received from members of the public, technologists, advocacy groups, representatives of various industries and academicians. The information obtained from the public was useful in clarifying and defining various terms within the COPPA, such as Child, Website and Private Information. The considerations of the opinions of the public led to the definition of a child as an individual below the age of thirteen. These considerations were based on expert opinion on the ability of a child to make right judgments on the information provided to the online service providers. The assessment of a child’s level of

Juvenile System Vs Adult Justice System Criminology Essay

Juvenile System Vs Adult Justice System Criminology Essay A criminal justice system is a mechanism, utilized by a society to enforce a given standard of conduct in order to protect the members of the community (Colquitt 2002). It consists of apprehending, prosecuting, convicting and sentencing violators of the basic rule of group existence within a society. The purposes of such a system are to remove dangerous members of the community, discourage the rest from criminal behavior, and give society the chance to change violators into law-abiding citizens. The core philosophy of the American criminal justice system is that the government may punish a person who has violated a specific law. A juvenile court, on the other hand, is viewed as a helping social agency. Its purpose is to prescribe carefully individualized treatment to young people who are in trouble with society but in a non-adversarial way (Colquitt). Violators older than 18 years old are tried in regular courts according to the adult justice system. The juvenile court is a fairly new device. A violator or offender who was 7 or older up to the 18th century would have been tried and treated as an adult by the courts (Stolba 2001). The belief at the time was that a person under 7 did not have full moral capacity and capacity to give consent. But beyond 7, he could be considered an adult. Even with the introduction of the juvenile justice system in the late 1800s, adult courts were still used in sentencing the most violent and most defiant violators. The original juvenile court in Chicago moved 37 boys to the adult criminal court in its very first year of operation (Stolba). The juvenile justice system was instituted to reform US policies on young offenders When the juvenile pleads not guilty, the trial becomes a jurisdictional hearing for juveniles (Calderon 2006). It has to be held up to 15 days or 30 days if the child is not in the custody of the court. In the case of adults and despite their right to speedy trial, the proceedings can take very long for a number of factors. These include change of venue, new motion for new evidence and many others. Juvenile courts do not have jurors as in adult courts. Juveniles are not subjected to jury trials but to adjucatory hearing where the judge renders a final decision. Adult proceedings are open to the public but juvenile proceedings are not. The court findings or results are called a disposition in both justice systems. These are a dismissal, a fine, a probation, treatment programs or institutionalization. The juvenile justice aims at rehabilitation and treatment. Thus, the least punitive or restrictive is exacted by many courts on young offenders. Another important difference is the right of adults to a jury trial. A juvenile can have a jury trial if his case is transferred or appealed to a circuit court (Calderon). In deciding a juvenile case, the probation or parole officer, alternative program directors, the attorneys and the judge come up with the best solution to the problem (Calderon 2006). If an adult case can qualify for a plea bargaining, a juvenile case may also achieve a desired result. An interview with the young or adult offender considers family factors, social involvement, church, education level, job skills, history of criminality, IQ level, psychological factors and other aspects needed to reach a decision. Comparatively with adult cases, some issues can lead to a disposition. It determines if the young offender should be detained in alternative programs, dismissed, proceed to the juvenile court, or transfer him to adult courts through waivering. The disposition in an adult case determines whether the offender is guilty or innocent of the crime charge. In a juvenile case, the respondent is always found delinquent beyond reasonable doubt. In rare cases when the judges find a youn g offender too violent or chronic and resistant to treatment, the juvenile court waives its jurisdiction and transfers the offender to the adult criminal court. Some courts automatically exclude young offenders charged with heinous offenses, such as murder, from the jurisdiction of the juvenile court (Calderon). Many adult cases go through plea bargaining (Calderon 2006). These are more lenient sentencing, admission or positive evidence of guilt and reduced costs in the proceedings. In many juvenile cases, the respondent pleads guilty. In recent years, policymakers went tough on repeat juvenile offenders and introduced some changes on the sentencing structure. Many of them felt that more young people were committing more violent crimes and that the juvenile justice system was ineffective in its role. More young offenders then were waived or transferred to adult courts where they were subjected to blended sentencing. This means getting adjudicated as a delinquent and getting sentenced as an adult for the same offense. Laws began losing favor for lenient and indeterminate sentencing and punishment and leaning towards determinate disposition. Legislators and policymakers did not find early release effective in rehabilitating young offenders. It was a similar view held for adult criminals. This getting-tough philosophy manifested itself quite severely in applying the death penalty on children as young as 16. There has been a growing sentiment that young criminals threaten the security of society in many ways. Citizens find children committing adult crimes loathsome but neither are the penalties imposed acceptable. This dilemma has led some to propose on the abolition of juvenile criminal courts so that more appropriate punishments for juvenile offenders who commit serious crimes could be devised (Calderon). Reforms in recent times have endowed young offenders with more rights (Calderon 2006). These included appointed attorneys and protection from Constitutional rights. They now also enjoy the rights to due process and to unreasonable searches and seizures more than in the past. State laws vary on the process of interrogation. But the courts have ruled on the overall totality of the circumstances as the determinant of the age for making legal decisions. In some States, parental presence is not a requirement. Complications are also present in both justice systems. The other role-players in the juvenile system are the defense attorney, the prosecutor, the social service worker, the probation officer, the family and the judge himself. The roles they play are similar to those they play in adult cases. The prosecutor and law enforcement officers determine the charges. The judge has the authority to decide what motions to suppress, accepting or rejecting a plea bargain, waiving the juvenile courts jurisdiction to an adult court and acting as the jury on the case. He is the leader who interacts with the other court officers. These players all make signific ant contributions to the proceedings, during follow-ups and the aftercare period. And alternative sentencing is available in both justice systems (Calderon). The actual court proceedings in a juvenile court consist of the arrest procedure, search and seizure, and custodial interrogation (Calderon 2006). The concept has been that the delinquent is a child rather than a criminal. Hence, rehabilitation rather than punishment is the court and the systems goal. But the major aspects of the juvenile justice system continue to hound its supporters. One is the cause of serious juvenile crime. Another is that young offenders need to be rehabilitated under a surrogate entity of the parens patriae concept. Another is a recent redefinition of young violent offenders as adults and their transfer to adult courts and the criminal or adult justice system. There has been increasing belief that they pose a serious and genuine threat to the safety of other young people and the community as a whole. An increase in serious juvenile crimes warrants more severe punishment. But moving them to the same place with adult offenders is a critical step, as there has a s yet no understanding or agreement on what age sufficient understanding develops. Trying a juvenile offender as an adult offender is a serious decision, which will also seriously affect society and the young offenders future. The vested interests of the other players in the court decision likewise merit consideration. The two justice systems use different legal standards. Children naturally lack the cognitive ability to participate in the adjudicative process. And the choice of whether the young offender should be tried in an adult or juvenile court necessarily determines the outcome of the adjudication. A finding of guilt in an adult court almost always means some punishment. A finding of delinquency in a juvenile court results in rehabilitation and punishment in combination. Rather than eliminating it or reintegrating it into the adult criminal justice system, the juvenile justice system needs an overhaul, more funding, and better initiatives for programs, which will truly incorp orate the parents patria concept into the young offenders rehabilitation (Calderon). Other opinions argue that offenders 12 years old and under should not be moved to adult courts on the basis of their limited adjudicative competence (Steinberg 2001). This does not mean they should not be punished but rather held within a system viewing them as children and not yet as fully mature adults. But the large majority of offenders 16 years old and older are not to different from adults and can sufficiently participate in adjudication within the adult criminal justice system. Offenders between 12 and 16 require individualized assessment of their competence to stand trial. The judges, prosecutors and defense attorney should be allowed to evaluate and judge the offenders maturity and eligibility for transfer to an adult court (Steinberg). There are also issues of race and ideology to contend with as among the impediments and issues confronting the current juvenile justice system (Hopson and Obidah 2002). Young people of color experience unequal and inequitable treatment within the system. The larger situation suggests that the decisions are tougher on them. The problems they confront go way beyond what has plagued the juvenile court for more than a hundred years. Youth criminality, deviance and discipline for young people of color have compounded the situation. There have been disproportionate numbers of African Americans and Native Americans arrested and handled by juvenile courts. A racial double standard is revealed. These young offenders of color find themselves at a clear disadvantage in their struggle to obtain equal protection under the law and the right to a good attorney. Reforms made to rehabilitate the system have created contradictory effects on juveniles of color. The young Black offender sees race as a s ignificant factor in his or her treatment through the juvenile justice process. African American youth have been over-represented in official reports of youth crime. These reports said that African Americans accounted for only 15% of the American population. Yet they were responsible for approximately 50% of arrests for violent crime. The Sentencing Project Briefing Fact Sheets also said that 75% of juvenile defendants arrested and charged with drug offenses were Black and 95% of juveniles waived to adult prison for drug violations were minorities (Hopson and Obidah). The American Bar Association said that approximately 200,000 youths are tried in adult courts every year (Juvenile Justice Digest 2001). The figure had doubled between 1985 and 1997 and was expected to increase as more laws were created for juveniles to be tried as adults. The Association published guidelines for juvenile cases referred to adult courts for use by policymakers and law practitioners. The guidelines were derived from the seven general principles, which included the developmental differences between young and adult offenders and in all the aspects of the criminal justice system (Juvenile Justice Digest). Within the realm of a justice system is the basic social belief that society is responsible for rearing and raising children into peace-loving and useful adults (Steinberg 2001). Their family, friends, peers, the community, social workers, the justice system and everyone else in society each have a role to play in bringing them up to fit the image (Steinberg). Yet contemporary society, with a newly and recently evolved victim culture, has eagerly embraced therapy and a strong belief in the powers of social engineering (Stolba 2001). It finds the idea of certain individuals, especially children, as deliberately refusing to change as something simply distasteful. Many juvenile offenders are products of very unsettled times and turbulent environments. But it is the States responsibility to save and reform them (Stolba). In that direction, it must first figure out how to categorize these offenders before it can appropriately deal with them in realizing its mission within the current syst em of justice.

Lending a Helping Hand

Lending hand can mean a variety of things for many people. It can mean help to get out of a financial bind, coming alongside another for a time of grief, or just being there for somebody. But most of us lend a hand to another for the purpose of seeing how one can help another in a specific situation.Especially in time when what one knows can help in the predicament of another. One of my reasons seeking admission in your program is to do just that.In my seven years in the New York City Department of Education, one of my duties has been to conduct visitations to the parents of children that have proven to difficult. These children usually come from backgrounds and stations in life that would other people ask â€Å"Why Bother? But that is where the motivation comes in for me to seek admission into your program. It's to make people understand the lives of these children are worth something.In this line of work, it is imperative that I can get a backgrounder of the children's behavior fr om the parents or guardians of these children. This would allow me to better assess the patterns of the child in relation to his various environments.Factors such as school and social life, I believe, have a great bearing on the behavior of these children. But with the knowledge I already possess, I should have a better chance at the reformation of the child should I gain entry into your program.When the case is usually presented, some people are often times just ready to give up on these children. Many people would just rationalize that these children are born to be at the low rungs of society, ending up either as beggars or criminals. But my vocation is not just to give up on them. I try hard to get them on the right track. But what is exactly the right track?For them, the first step in finding the path is talking to them. It's a big step for them to open up on the reasons that they drop out of schooling. The parents, too, have a large part in the reformation of the child. I make it a point to challenge the parents of these children to be positive influences on the lives of these children.Some may think that what I do is tiring, exasperating and down right frustrating. At some times, I would tend to agree. The many times that I talk to children and parents would tend to frustrate even the best of people. Especially when you see the efforts, the sheer amount of it, just end up in smoke. But to me, it's just not a job. If I sound a bit on the ethereal, I do find what I do to be a calling of sorts.Usually, people would connote a calling to be of a grander design. A calling would tend to make people think of going on some mission in life, away from civilization and the perks and benefits of this life to be with the down trodden and less fortunate. But how does getting children to go back to school be a calling? For me, it is a calling.If your office would office would consider my personal circumstance, most of what is apparent that apart from the house visits th at I regularly conduct with the parents of truant children, most of the facts are in the area of clerical, administrative or research work. But these credits, I believe, would prepare me in earnest to help more children if I get accepted into your program. How? I believe that your program is looking for students not just good in academics, but learners and doers.Brain knowledge and experience are, to me, two vastly opposite ends for learning. Just getting into program with just the expressed desire to acquire more brain knowledge is not a trait that I would want to carry into my field. Yes, accumulating knowledge is important in correctly doing the task that is set before an individual. But I believe that with my experience and the knowledge that I know I will gain in your program will allow me to be better at my calling.It is also mentioned in my personal circumstance that I also assist in the education of children with special needs. The children in this area are of need of extra care and attention. This is another area that I would like to improve on with the knowledge that I would gain should I gain entry into your program. But what would be the relationship of mostly clerical and administrative work in the final output?Academics, I believe, are an essential part in the execution of any program designed to help any individual. Without the knowledge gained in school, it would be difficult to be effective in any endeavor one has set out to do. But is the attainment of a degree of academic knowledge the answer in helping these children? Should that be the only basis?My advantage would be that in addition to the knowledge that I know I will gain in the event that I am accepted into your program, that knowledge will be accompanied by years of first-hand experience that I already possess.The many instances and incidents of helping and aiding children, whether to get back into school or helping them in finding suitable alternatives to formal schooling, or explain ing to the parents of special needs children their individual education plans, should serve me in good stead if I am chosen to get into your program.Why the passion in helping these children? I must also point out that I am a mother of two young boys, with one of them, my 5 year old suffering from a speech disability. This everyday first hand experience of seeing my child being helped along as he gets better from his impairment, has bolstered my resolve and conviction that I can be of greater use to other children if I combine my years of experience with further study available through your program. It is my fervent desire that should be humbly among those accepted into your program.

A Rogerian Recipe of the Secret Ingredient to Solving Americas Obesity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2378 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/19 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Obesity Essay Rogerian Argument Essay Did you like this example? Epidemic The secret to weight-loss has finally been discovered. Over the past few decades, America’s obesity rates among adults and children have been continuously increasing. This rise of obesity in America is so severe, that it has now been deemed an epidemic. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Rogerian Recipe of the Secret Ingredient to Solving Americas Obesity" essay for you Create order Not only is this a public issue of American society, but an even larger issue of individual health concerns leading to diseases, illnesses, and even death. The food industry has slowly begun taking baby steps towards creating a healthier future for Americans. David Freedman, author and contributing editor of Atlantic and Inc. magazines, publishes many research-based articles regarding science, technology and health issues in America. In his essay, â€Å"How Junk Food Can End Obesity,† Freedman focuses on how fast food restaurants can utilize modern food processing techniques to decrease portion sizes, calories, and percentages of carbs, fats, sugars, and salts in meals. Freedman argues that the wholesome-food revolution, and its opposition towards food processing, is impeding on the progress of the one solution that could actually effect the obese population. Freedman also argues how many companies and restaurants, that advertise as â€Å"healthy† in efforts of encourag ing dietary changes in consumers, are misleading and not as healthy as consumers may believe. Although Freedman offers valid, achievable theories and supporting arguments in his essay â€Å"How Junk Food Can End Obesity,† he overlooks the fact that nutritional education is, above all, the most impactful solution to ending the obesity epidemic. David Freedman poses a valid argument that, ironically, the wholesome-food movement is hindering the progress that modern food processing technology is making towards a healthier America. Freedman fights to discredit the efforts made by the wholesome-food movement to slow the obesity trend, by arguing that many of these companies advertising their products or dishes as â€Å"healthy† are, â€Å"†¦in any case, as caloric and obesogenic as anything served in a Burger King† (511). Freedman fights to prove that many companies are misleading by advertising their products and ingredients with labels such as â€Å"healthy,† â€Å"natural† or â€Å"wholesome,† with no genetically modified ingredients, processing, or artificial flavors. Freedman chooses to use a â€Å"wholesome† product he found, the Vegan Cheesy Salad Booster from Living Intentions, as an example. This product boasts its health benefits of enhancing the diet with spirulina, chlo rella, sea vegetables, unprocessed ingredients, and no genetically modified ingredients. Freedman argues, â€Å"[w]hat the stuff does contain, though, is more than three times the fat content per ounce as the beef patty in a Big Mac (more than of the calories come from fat), and four times the sodium† (512). This situation is not a rare occasion. Located all throughout stores and restaurants, are items that scream â€Å"healthy† to entice consumers to purchase them. Uneducated consumers who do not read the nutrition labels are fooled into eating products that may not be as healthy for them as they have been tricked into believing. â€Å"Healthy† smoothie shops advertise their â€Å"all natural† ingredients, but choose to omit the fact that there is over one hundred grams of sugar in many of their products. Freedman proves a valid point that products that advertise as healthy, in many cases, contain just as many or more grams of fat, carbs, and sugar as so me fast food items. This supports the fact that nutrition education would be the most effective solution to slow the obesity trend. Educated consumers will be able to decipher, on their own, which foods are healthy or not for themselves, without being deceived by advertising claims. To further support Freedman’s argument against the wholesome-food revolution, Leslie Beck’s article, â€Å"Are ‘Natural’ Foods Really Better For You?†, debunks the myth that just because products are labeled as â€Å"natural† does not necessarily mean they are nutritious or low-calorie. For example, Beck explains that just because an â€Å"all natural† product, such as almond butter, can be nutritious, a package of â€Å"all natural† licorice is still going to be loaded with sugar and empty carbs (A.16). Even more so, if eaten in quantities larger than the recommended serving size, the â€Å"nutritious† almond butter can end up being even more fattening than a fast food hamburger. Beck refers to a global survey conducted in 2016, concluding that, â€Å"forty percent of consumers [report] buying ‘natural’ foods because they [feel] they [are] healthier and safer† (A.16). The study also reveals that, â₠¬Å"[t]wo-thirds [believe] that ‘natural’ products [do not] contain pesticides or hormone residues, GMO (genetically modified organisms) and artificial ingredients† (A.16). This proves that the majority of consumers are uneducated about what they are putting into their bodies and are manipulated by marketing ploys to purchase certain products. Beck then continues to dissect nutrition labels, revealing the truths about macronutrients, â€Å"natural† foods, organic products, and artificial flavors. Beck’s article and supporting research exemplifies how consumers are only deceived by advertisements due to their lack of nutrition education. Educating the public about what is in their food and how to read food labels will solve the obesity crisis in America. In opposition to the wholesome-food movement, Freedman poses a valid claim that modern food processing technology, including swapping ingredients, reducing portion sizes, and adding supplements to foods, will lead to long-term weight loss among the obese population. Freedman firmly believes that being able to trim a few hundred calories per item without customers noticing is the most effective strategy to decrease the obesity trend. Freedman argues that although the wholesome-food movement brings great health awareness to America, â€Å"†¦there is no reasonable scenario under which these foods could become cheap and plentiful enough to serve as the core diet for most of the obese population†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (510). The majority of the American population is obese, and the majority of the obese population comes from a low socioeconomic status. It is unrealistic to believe that farmers will be able to provide enough wholesome, farm-to-fork food for the entire obese population. Even i f this was possible, the obese population would most likely not be able to afford this lifestyle. Therefore, Freedman offers an alternative solution, as he showcases many of the unique modern food processing techniques that are being used today. This technology has the ability to add necessary and beneficial vitamins, minerals, and supplements to consumer diets. Freedman reveals that, â€Å"much of the nutritional value claimed by these products comes not from natural ingredients but from added vitamins that are chemically synthesized†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (519). This statement shows that modern food processing technology can be used to enhance foods with essential dietary elements that may not even exist in their natural ingredients. Freedman met with a team of McDonald’s executives at one of their high-tech sensory-testing labs, where he learned, â€Å"McDonald’s has quietly been making healthy changes for years, shrinking portion sizes, reducing some fat, trimming average salt content by more than 10 percent†¦ and adding fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and oatmeal to is menu† (525). This approach to slowing the obesity trend is realistic and attainable, as the obese population will not have to sacrifice their current lifestyle or bank accounts to begin making small, healthy changes. Freedman also visited the flavor engineering company, Fona International, and shared their food processing tricks and talents: Fona’s experts can reproduce the ‘temporal profile’ of the flavors in fattier foods by adding edible compounds that come on and leave more slowly; or by enlisting ‘phantom aromas’ that create the sensation of certain tastes even when those tastes are not present on the tongue. (529) High-tech anti-obesity food engineering allows producers to trick the human brain’s and tongue’s sense. This high-tech engineering enables producers to completely remove ingredients, or replace them with healthier ingredients, without the consumer being able to notice. Fona experts also discussed other engineering tricks they have implemented, such as adding weight to foods to create the illusion that there is more food, creating chewier textures in products to allow time for the brain to register satiety, or â€Å"†¦using colors, smells, sounds, and packaging information to create the belief that foods are fatty and sweet even when they are not† (531). It is impressive how much technology has progressed and accomplished in the past few years. It is time to utilize these techniques for the benefit of society. To further support Freedman’s claim that modern food technology will help decrease the obesity rates in America, Nina Tiecholz’s article â€Å"Calories on Menus Won’t Slim Down America,† introduces the Food and Drug Administration regulation that requires restaurants to list calorie counts on their menus. Nina Tiecholz, author of The Big Fat Surprise and executive director of Nutrition Coalition, is a science journalist dedicated to evidence-based nutrition policy. Tiecholz published the results of the U.S Department of Health and Human Services experiment, displaying that consumers â€Å"†¦purchased food with 38 fewer calories, on average† (A.17). This proves that nutrition information is irrelevant to an uneducated consumer. If you cannot interpret the information presented to you, it is useless information. She also offers scientific evidence to inform her readers that in order to lose one pound of fat, one must â€Å"†¦create a calori c deficit of 3,600 calories†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (A.17). This supports the argument that slowly decreasing a few hundred calories from consumers diets, without them knowing, is what will lead to long-term weight loss. A deduction of a few hundred calories a day will slowly add up to 3,600 calories, 7,200 calories, and so-on, which will eventually lead pounds of weight-loss. Tiecholz and Freedman argue that the obese population will not make these choices on their own, which is why food processing will need to do the work for them. Although both authors’ theories of strategies to reduce the obesity trends in America are plausible, supported by evidence, and realistic, they are overlooking the main issue causing the epidemic in the first place. If Americans’ can be educated about their health and diets, then maybe consumers will be able to begin making healthier choices on their own. Consumers will actually be able to make educated inferences about the foods they are putting in to their bodies, and be able to utilize the calorie counts on menus. Educated consumers will not have to be tricked into eating fewer calories a day. Educated consumers will be able to make a difference for American society and future generations. Nutrition education will provide consumers with a shield of knowledge against marketing ploys, allow them to rise above their circumstances, and open the door to create a better life for themselves and their families. However, nutrition education is expensive. The government and schools will spend a fortune on nutrition education, creating new policies, and research. Even if the funding and platforms are available, there is no promise that educating children about their diets will change their minds about grabbing dessert that evening after dinner. It would also be much more difficult to find a platform to educate adults, who are no longer in school. These are all very important concerns to address when considering implementing this strategy. If anyone can agree that their health, their generation’s livelihood and the future generation’s well-being is worth the time, money, and effort to make a change, then they will agree that educating the public about what goes in t heir bodies is a necessity. As validated by Freedman, â€Å"[a]cademia could do a much better job of producing and highlighting solid research†¦ to narrow the gap between the poor obese and well-resourced healthy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (536). Barbara Mantel, award winning author of multiple health publications, provides further explanation of the issue of obesity in America through research, statistics, and debates in her publication of â€Å"Preventing Obesity†. Mantel exhibits a study titled, â€Å"Best-Educated Americans Have Lowest Obesity,† which graphs the correlation of household income, educational level, and percentage of obese adults in America. The graph shows that as educational levels and household incomes increase, the percentage of obese adults in America decreases (801). This is representative of the fact that educated consumers are able to make healthier choices for themselves and therefore, are able to prevent obesity. Obesity is a matter of personal re sponsibility, and it is unfair for those who are not able to make good choices due to their deprivation of nutritional education. Although Freedman offers valid, achievable theories and supporting arguments in his essay â€Å"How Junk Food Can End Obesity,† he overlooks the fact that nutritional education is, above all, the most impactful solution to ending the obesity epidemic. Freedman highlights the argument that the wholesome-food revolution is impeding on the progress food processing technology is making towards solving the obesity epidemic. Freedman claims that, in many cases, foods advertised as â€Å"healthy† can be just as obesogenic, or worse, than junk food products. He introduces many modern food processing techniques and fights to prove that utilizing this technology will lead to the most plausible, long-term solution for obesity in America. However, if consumers are educated about their dietary needs, they will be able to make healthier choices for themselves and their families, regardless of the array of food options available to them. Consumers will be able to make choices for the mselves. They will not be tricked into thinking they are eating healthier by deceptive marketing ploys and they will not have to be tricked into eating fewer calories per item by food processing. Nutrition education needs to be included in curriculum in all schools and implemented in multi-media marketing in America. Knowledge is power, and every person deserves the power to make choices to create the life they desire. Everyone deserves the power to choose a healthy lifestyle and guard their body from illnesses and diseases. Everyone deserves the power to choose to live longer, healthier, and happier. Works Cited Freedman, David. H. â€Å"How Junk Food Can End Obesity.† They Say/ I Say with Readings, edited by Graff, Gerald, et all., 3rd ed., W.W. Norton, 2017, pp. 506-37. Mantel, Barbara. â€Å"Preventing Obesity.† CQ Researcher, vol. 20, no. 34, 1 Oct. 2010, pp. 787-820. CQ Press, library.cqpress.com.proxy189.nclive.org/cqresearcher/getpdf. Php?id=cqresrre2010100100. Tiecholz, Nina. â€Å"Calories on Menus Won’t Slim Down America.† Los Angeles Times, 20 May 2018, p. A17. SIRS Issues Researcher, sks.sirs.com.proxy189.nclive.org/web app/article?artno=0000405791type=ART. Beck, Leslie. â€Å"Are ‘Natural’ Foods Really Better for You?†. Globe and Mail, 04 Jan. 2018, p. A16. SIRS Issue Researcher, sks.sirs.com.proxy189.nclive.org/webapp/ar ticle?artno=0000402546type=ART.